large prospective cohort
Timing of Coffee Intake Modifies Mortality Risk in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Cohort and Experimental Study.
Cohort plus experimental mouse study: in people with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, higher coffee intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality only among morning-type drinkers; in CKM mice, morning coffee improved metabolic/renal function and lowered inflammatory markers while late-day coffee did not.
Details and limitations
Limitations: Review full paper for confounding, population characteristics, endpoint definitions, and study design before publishing.
Limitations: Review full paper for confounding, population characteristics, endpoint definitions, and study design before publishing.
